The weird science and engineering to offer a ship into space is an expensive and slow process. Basically, we need to get out fast exhausts to generate propellant rockets, motors extremely hard. The operation is a technical marvel by the quality of the last century, but the basics are quite simple. High pressure, a source of oxygen for an Igniter (usually liquid) with the exploding fuel in a combustion chamber. The resulting reaction fluid escapes from the end nozzle as massive.
Unlike the Jets Air breathing, because the rockets are very thin atmosphere of high orbital environment can not stream to produce gas. A rocket engine thrust required to propel the fluid of your way to get. Sounds easy, but technical problems involved in the project, build, manage, and operational SATCOM spacecraft launch any budget check skyrockets.
Obviously, to overcome the Earth's gravity and reach outer space existing chemical rocket, which is the limit for use as the exothermic reaction propulsion. Fortunately, applied physics in the fighting than figuring out how to reduce abide by the rules of science. Here are 10 ideas spacecraft drives can expand the boundaries of humanity.
10. Synergistic Turbojet
A cheaper way to build a stage-to-orbit spacecraft (SSTO) approach, a conceptual propulsion system that does not rely on hardware jettisoning to reach orbital altitudes. This engine burn reactions, will refrain from taking additional oxidizer and therefore weight loss, food will be using the environment to feed on the issue.
The proposal followed, Ltd. British company, Reaction Engines Skylon to do work (REL) use the concept of Sabre air-breathing engine spaceplane designs. Hard to count only on its own internal hardware to get, Sabre a conventional rocket engine using two methods, and supplying liquid oxygen to a turbojet-dependent operations on atmospheric air to feed internal combustion will be able to switch between.
REL mission to Mars released a proposal for a human journey Skylon spacecraft orbit will employ to build ships.
Rosatom, a Russian state corporation to travel from Earth, Mars, a rocket engine that manages internal atomic operations (against the current 18 months) is constructed that will take 45 days. Such technology was developed during the Cold War nuclear thermal rocket (NTRs) will be the URSS. Within a reactor vessel, the fast atoms are working to produce energy superheats high pressure fluid, and therefore emphasizes, like a chemical reaction burning propellant rocket. Energetic density of nuclear fuel, NTR engines due to low weight and a low consumption rate.
Similarly, NASA 40 years after the closure of the NTR NERVA program alive this project, but the space agency, including the nuclear, rocket and nuclear fusion based light bulb looks at a spectrum of possibilities.
The universe is composed of physical matter of substance, matter consists of particles, and for every particle, a dark twin stubborn. But a stubborn opposite charge, as is the position of the symbols. When the twins spoke, he made a lot of energy to destroy each other and the process. NASA scientists want to employ this power to promote the rocket engine in the interstellar travel.
Similar to NTRs, hot working fluid to generate thrust annihilation of antimatter, but increasingly will be more fuel efficient. 100 milligrams of antimatter in a chemical rocket would need tons of propellant for a manned mission, enough to reach Mars. Researchers to fund a ship antimatter on Kickstarter.
7. Nuclear Pulse Propulsion
On the way to propel your ship in about a trip down to the atomic bomb Alpha Centauri? Nuclear pulse may be the most viable way to travel interstellar propulsion. And so began the class by using nuclear pulse propulsion - started in 1958 as a DARPA enterprise's, Project Orion building a genuine space opera ship, submarine-style, 200 crew, build thousands of tons takeoff weight I was longing for. Everything viable, speaking theoretically and engineeringly.
Join the Orion spacecraft engine with a massive steel plate could megatons directed against small nuclear option called shock dampers, but the political and budgetary constraints of mechanical problems worse. Project Orion was closed in 1965 after several successes, however, the fission Medusa spacecraft and antimatter propulsion such similar concepts are still under investigation.
Electrically charging propellant molecules and then boosting them through magnetic fields is an extremely effective way to propel spacecraft—despite the tiny impulse force, ion thrusters are multiple times more energy-efficient than chemical rockets and eventually match exothermic propulsion in the long run. By the way, that was the system that propelled Dawn spacecraft till Vesta and Ceres.
Funded by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, the University of Michigan is developing an experimental ion thruster termed NanoFET. The engine would fire off trillions of propellant nanoparticles through nanoelectromechanical systems, opening a thruster-on-a-chip concept that can propel the miniaturized satellites of tomorrow. Grids of NanoFET modules could be flexibly adapted and escalated to suit different designs and engineering needs.5. Q-Thruster
According to Newton's third law of rocket propellant to expel (action) force (reaction), but if one drive can break the fundamental principles of nature? Roger Shawyer, a British aerospace engineer was possible, it is exactly that in 1999 he Thruster radio frequency resonant cavity or simply discussed a proposed reactionless engine when the EmDrive (electric drive). Microwave will bounce within a cone to create EmDrive hard by a tight end. Experience also the Chinese, German and NASA researchers with positive results generated controversy in the scientific community since the Shawyer method.
Singing EmDrives working lives on the edge of physics. Quantum theory says that space versatility fizzes with energetic particles and popping out the truth out. These particles interact with the microwave, it will be possible to push the ship.
Known as the quantum vacuum EmDrive thrusters (Q thrusters) and created a whole new concept of rocket engines.
Young K. Bae PhD Y. K. Bae Corporation is an energy physicist Dr. founder of the effort devoted to research on "green" technologies in the fields of space travel. BAE patents photonic railway, a new molecular class, and Photonic Laser Thruster (PLT). BAE NASA was able to design a concept of space PLT drivers will not need to be studied and fuel tanks with funding. Instead, the firing lasers at aircraft PLT will receive emphasis. The space is frictionless, will gain speed to go the distance to Mars PLT based craft's continuous days.
Guidance will be important for energy technology development, capable of activating the fuel and the main power supply heavyweight components, the architecture of a spacecraft thrusting through outer space multi-megawatt laser beam.
3. Coilgun Space Launcher
Dream Powell and Danby, the coil will produce a strong magnetic field is accompanied by a spacecraft or pay a coilgun the project, thrust at high speed across miles of railway. To get enough speed, will have several miles of track length and cost tens of billions of dollars, but the inventors of this is a small price to pay for the future.
2. Stellar Windjammer
Sun, like any other star, constantly spouts charged particles-electrons, protons, and a high-speed real storm. Such radiation pressure can push against a magnetic field and excited.
A decade after the space walk, maneuvering the spacecraft into a sunjammer exoplanetary calibrate the speed magnetic and gravitational fields, will be able to cross the borders of the solar system without wasting fuel. The solar wind sail thrust direction can be adjusted by changing.
The propulsive force will depend on the size of the magnetic field, would be to require loops resemble cyclopean age was catching canvas navigation instead of wire to create a solar sail meters and a magnetic field hundreds of kilometers of superconductor material.
In 2018, during the flyby NASA Asteroid Survey Scout plans to deploy a solar sail
1. Alcubierre Drive
Einstein's field equations of energy and matter can mesh curve spacetime reality. Speculatively, a ship back and forth, pulling the fabric of space contracts, it is possible (to get faster than light) travel outside FTL. Of course, it will be like running and playing space ship, a scroll, a simultaneous law would be broken. Warp bubbles in a spacetime ride the waves, our ship can reach many orders of magnitude greater than the velocities of light. We can also travel to Mars in less than a second, but I think it will be a slow!
Alcubierre drive or drive only solution to the Einstein field equations, as the Mexican physicist Miguel Alcubierre warp was proposed by the energy and the mesh can curve spacetime. The use of a field less than zero mass, the Warp Drive will cause the fabric of space to scroll and turns.
